The oblique abdominal muscles have an interesting relationship with one another. Most personal training clients know that doing diagonal or crossover crunches exercise the obliques. Exploring the...
Exercise Science, Biology, and Research
Health and fitness articles for personal trainers rooted in exercise science, biology, anatomy, physiology, health psychology
Balance Concerns: Age-Related or Warning Sign?
Lack of balance can be normal or it can be a serious health concern. Knowing the difference is essential for the personal trainer. The ability to control and maintain the body's position, whether...
Understanding and Training Transverse Abdominis
When it comes to optimal personal training and fitness coaching, knowing the chief musculature of the human body is paramount. The transverse abdominis (TVA) wraps around your abdomen like a belt or...
Understanding and Training Rectus Abdominis
The rectus abdominis (RA) is known as the "six-pack" muscle. Most people know where the RA is but not everyone understands the intricacies of this muscle. Understanding RA beyond its basic location...
Clean Bulk Your Way to More Muscle Mass
It's common for people to want to put on mass (bulk) and also tone the body. How do we help our clients achieve both these goals simultaneously? Here are a few ways in which to help your client put...
Understanding and Training Pectoralis Major
Knowing where pectoralis major is located, how it moves the surrounding bones, and what exercises strengthen it is essential for exercise programming. Pec major is a large muscle in the upper body...

Anemia and Exercise: Pumping Iron or Depleting It?
Understanding the correlation between anemia and exercise is important for certified personal trainers to grasp before working with an anemic client. Anemia is the term used to describe a condition...
Posterior Tibialis Anatomy Function and Exercise
Identify the location of posterior tibialis and cue ankle and foot exercises more effectively with clients. Hopefully, you are doing foot and ankle exercises with clients. If so, you are awesome! If...
Knee Anatomy Structure and Injuries
For decades the leg extension, squat, leg press and lunge have all been used by general fitness clients, rehab patients and elite athletes alike without much on the side of specific research to help the fitness coach in determining which exercise to use or recommend for a specific goal or need. To understand the concepts and summaries of this article let’s start by taking an in-depth look at the internal components of the knee.
Anterior Tibialis Anatomy Function and Exercise
Identify the location of anterior tibialis and cue ankle and foot exercises more effectively with clients. I hope you are working your clients ankles and feet. The feet are the first part of the...